Gender, work and health
Gender and sex play an important role in determining work experiences, as well as health experiences in the wake of a work-related injury or disease. (“Gender” typically refers to socially constructed roles, relationships, behaviours, relative power and other traits that societies ascribe to women, men and people of diverse gender identities. “Sex” is typically understood to refer to the biological and physiological characteristics that distinguish females from males.) IWH research seeks to understand these experiences—in particular the effects and outcomes of occupational exposures related to these experiences—in order to develop gender- and sex-sensitive policies and practices to improve the health of all working Canadians.
Featured
Research Highlights
Fatal drug overdoses more common among lower-income and unemployed Canadians
A new IWH study looked at how sociodemographic factors measured by the Canadian census were linked with drug overdose deaths.
Published: March 11, 2026
At Work article
Do women and men have different risks of getting an infectious disease from work?
According to an IWH systematic review of studies published between 2016 and 2021, women and men in the same jobs have similar risks of getting an infectious disease from work—with a few exceptions.
Published: December 9, 2025
Project
Project
Examining sex/gender differences in exposures to workplace-acquired communicable disease: a systematic review
An IWH systematic review is examining whether men and women within the same occupations have different exposures to workplace-acquired communicable diseases.
Status: Completed
Journal article
Journal article
Age differences in work-disability duration across Canada: examining variations by follow-up time and context
Published: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, June 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Impact of anxiety and depression disorders on sustained return to work after work-related musculoskeletal strain or sprain: a gender stratified cohort study
Published: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, May 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Combined associations of work and leisure time physical activity on incident diabetes risk
Published: American Journal of Preventive Medicine, March 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Disability and sex/gender intersections in unmet workplace support needs: findings from a large Canadian survey of workers
Published: American Journal of Industrial Medicine, February 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Major depressive episodes and employment earnings trajectories over the following decade among working-aged Canadian men and women
Published: Journal of Affective Disorders, February 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression disorders in workers with work-related musculoskeletal strain or sprain in British Columbia, Canada: a comparison of men and women using administrative health data
Published: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, January 2021
Journal article
Journal article
Examining the relationship between the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative sample of the employed women and men in Ontario, Canada, over a 15-year period
Published: Canadian Journal of Public Health, August 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Inequalities in extending working lives beyond age 60 in Canada, Denmark, Sweden and England: by gender, level of education and health
Published: PLoS ONE, August 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Men and women's occupational activities and the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, or hands: a systematic review and recommendations for future research
Published: Arthritis Care and Research, March 2020