Chronic conditions and work
Chronic conditions refer to diseases and health conditions that last a long time and generally progress slowly. Although they can occur at any age, they become more common later in life. They are often invisible, sometimes episodic (i.e. they come and go) and often characterized by fluctuating symptoms that leave people disabled one day and functional the next. Examples of chronic diseases include arthritis, diabetes, chronic pain, depression and fibromyalgia. IWH research in this area focuses on the effects of chronic disease on work participation and productivity, as well as the effectiveness of job accommodations, benefits and other programs to ensure workers with chronic disease can stay at, or return to, work.
Featured

Tools and guides
Decision-support for Communicating about Invisible Disabilities that are Episodic (DCIDE)
Published: December 13, 2024

At Work article
A new tool to help workers make health disclosure decision
IWH’s new tool, called DCIDE, is designed for workers with chronic and episodic conditions.
Published: December 9, 2024

IWH in the media
Patients with arthritis, depression more likely to be unemployed
Depression symptoms are associated with unemployment among working-age adults with arthritis, with middle-aged adults most affected. Jason Laday reports on a study published by Dr. Arif Jetha in Arthritis Care & Research.
Published: Healio, September 2020

IWH in the media
Greater focus on episodic disabilities needed: Study
Disability management must adapt and create a new model to reflect the impact of episodic disabilities among employees, writes John Dujay on a study led by Dr. Monique Gignac, scientific co-director and senior scientist at the Institute for Work & Health.
Published: Canadian HR Reporter, August 2020

At Work article
Workplaces face many complex challenges when managing episodic disabilities: study
Employers are recognizing that they need a new model of disability management to support workers with episodic health conditions, according to a new IWH study. These conditions can raise a host of issues for workplaces, including issues of trust, stigma and privacy.
Published: August 2020

Sharing Best Evidence
Work activities and the development of osteoarthritis in men and women
A systematic review by the Institute for Work & Health finds strong and moderate evidence that work exposures—including lifting, cumulative physical loads, full-body vibration and kneeling/squatting/bending—can increase the risks of osteoarthritis in men and women. No increased risk was found for sitting, standing and walking (hip and knee osteoarthritis); lifting and carrying (knee osteoarthritis); climbing ladders (knee osteoarthritis); driving (knee osteoarthritis); and highly repetitive tasks (hand osteoarthritis).
Published: June 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Body mass index trajectories among the Canadian workforce and their association with work environment trajectories over 17 years
Published: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2020

IWH in the media
Coronavirus: The risks to essential workers with hidden health conditions
The COVID-19 pandemic has left many in Canada’s workforce worried about their health and finances. Those worries are even greater for workers living with an underlying and invisible chronic health condition. In the planning of health and safety responses to COVID-19 and the ultimate reopening of workplaces, employers should be aware of the unique needs of this potentially vulnerable group of workers, writes IWH Scientist Dr. Arif Jetha in The Conversation.
Published: The Conversation, April 2020

IWH in the media
Despite social distancing, many front-line public workers feel the strain
Stress and anxiety are rising among staff who work customer-facing jobs and feel their work environments may put their health and safety at risk, writes Andrea Yu. Many vulnerable front-line workers, for example those with pre-existing health conditions, may feel like they lack the power to voice their concerns, says IWH Scientist Dr. Arif Jetha in the article.
Published: The Globe and Mail, March 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Men and women's occupational activities and the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, or hands: a systematic review and recommendations for future research
Published: Arthritis Care and Research, March 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Long working hours and the prevalence of masked and sustained hypertension
Published: Hypertension, February 2020
Journal article
Journal article
Male/female differences in the impact of caring for elderly relatives on labor market attachment and hours of work: 1997-2015
Published: The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, February 2020